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- /*
- Package echo implements high performance, minimalist Go web framework.
- Example:
- package main
- import (
- "net/http"
- "github.com/labstack/echo"
- "github.com/labstack/echo/middleware"
- )
- // Handler
- func hello(c echo.Context) error {
- return c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello, World!")
- }
- func main() {
- // Echo instance
- e := echo.New()
- // Middleware
- e.Use(middleware.Logger())
- e.Use(middleware.Recover())
- // Routes
- e.GET("/", hello)
- // Start server
- e.Logger.Fatal(e.Start(":1323"))
- }
- Learn more at https://echo.labstack.com
- */
- package echo
- import (
- "bytes"
- stdContext "context"
- "crypto/tls"
- "errors"
- "fmt"
- "io"
- stdLog "log"
- "net"
- "net/http"
- "net/url"
- "path"
- "path/filepath"
- "reflect"
- "runtime"
- "sync"
- "time"
- "github.com/labstack/gommon/color"
- "github.com/labstack/gommon/log"
- "golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert"
- )
- type (
- // Echo is the top-level framework instance.
- Echo struct {
- stdLogger *stdLog.Logger
- colorer *color.Color
- premiddleware []MiddlewareFunc
- middleware []MiddlewareFunc
- maxParam *int
- router *Router
- notFoundHandler HandlerFunc
- pool sync.Pool
- Server *http.Server
- TLSServer *http.Server
- Listener net.Listener
- TLSListener net.Listener
- AutoTLSManager autocert.Manager
- DisableHTTP2 bool
- Debug bool
- HideBanner bool
- HidePort bool
- HTTPErrorHandler HTTPErrorHandler
- Binder Binder
- Validator Validator
- Renderer Renderer
- Logger Logger
- }
- // Route contains a handler and information for matching against requests.
- Route struct {
- Method string `json:"method"`
- Path string `json:"path"`
- Name string `json:"name"`
- }
- // HTTPError represents an error that occurred while handling a request.
- HTTPError struct {
- Code int
- Message interface{}
- Internal error // Stores the error returned by an external dependency
- }
- // MiddlewareFunc defines a function to process middleware.
- MiddlewareFunc func(HandlerFunc) HandlerFunc
- // HandlerFunc defines a function to serve HTTP requests.
- HandlerFunc func(Context) error
- // HTTPErrorHandler is a centralized HTTP error handler.
- HTTPErrorHandler func(error, Context)
- // Validator is the interface that wraps the Validate function.
- Validator interface {
- Validate(i interface{}) error
- }
- // Renderer is the interface that wraps the Render function.
- Renderer interface {
- Render(io.Writer, string, interface{}, Context) error
- }
- // Map defines a generic map of type `map[string]interface{}`.
- Map map[string]interface{}
- // i is the interface for Echo and Group.
- i interface {
- GET(string, HandlerFunc, ...MiddlewareFunc) *Route
- }
- )
- // HTTP methods
- const (
- CONNECT = "CONNECT"
- DELETE = "DELETE"
- GET = "GET"
- HEAD = "HEAD"
- OPTIONS = "OPTIONS"
- PATCH = "PATCH"
- POST = "POST"
- PROPFIND = "PROPFIND"
- PUT = "PUT"
- TRACE = "TRACE"
- )
- // MIME types
- const (
- MIMEApplicationJSON = "application/json"
- MIMEApplicationJSONCharsetUTF8 = MIMEApplicationJSON + "; " + charsetUTF8
- MIMEApplicationJavaScript = "application/javascript"
- MIMEApplicationJavaScriptCharsetUTF8 = MIMEApplicationJavaScript + "; " + charsetUTF8
- MIMEApplicationXML = "application/xml"
- MIMEApplicationXMLCharsetUTF8 = MIMEApplicationXML + "; " + charsetUTF8
- MIMETextXML = "text/xml"
- MIMETextXMLCharsetUTF8 = MIMETextXML + "; " + charsetUTF8
- MIMEApplicationForm = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
- MIMEApplicationProtobuf = "application/protobuf"
- MIMEApplicationMsgpack = "application/msgpack"
- MIMETextHTML = "text/html"
- MIMETextHTMLCharsetUTF8 = MIMETextHTML + "; " + charsetUTF8
- MIMETextPlain = "text/plain"
- MIMETextPlainCharsetUTF8 = MIMETextPlain + "; " + charsetUTF8
- MIMEMultipartForm = "multipart/form-data"
- MIMEOctetStream = "application/octet-stream"
- )
- const (
- charsetUTF8 = "charset=UTF-8"
- )
- // Headers
- const (
- HeaderAccept = "Accept"
- HeaderAcceptEncoding = "Accept-Encoding"
- HeaderAllow = "Allow"
- HeaderAuthorization = "Authorization"
- HeaderContentDisposition = "Content-Disposition"
- HeaderContentEncoding = "Content-Encoding"
- HeaderContentLength = "Content-Length"
- HeaderContentType = "Content-Type"
- HeaderCookie = "Cookie"
- HeaderSetCookie = "Set-Cookie"
- HeaderIfModifiedSince = "If-Modified-Since"
- HeaderLastModified = "Last-Modified"
- HeaderLocation = "Location"
- HeaderUpgrade = "Upgrade"
- HeaderVary = "Vary"
- HeaderWWWAuthenticate = "WWW-Authenticate"
- HeaderXForwardedFor = "X-Forwarded-For"
- HeaderXForwardedProto = "X-Forwarded-Proto"
- HeaderXForwardedProtocol = "X-Forwarded-Protocol"
- HeaderXForwardedSsl = "X-Forwarded-Ssl"
- HeaderXUrlScheme = "X-Url-Scheme"
- HeaderXHTTPMethodOverride = "X-HTTP-Method-Override"
- HeaderXRealIP = "X-Real-IP"
- HeaderXRequestID = "X-Request-ID"
- HeaderXRequestedWith = "X-Requested-With"
- HeaderServer = "Server"
- HeaderOrigin = "Origin"
- // Access control
- HeaderAccessControlRequestMethod = "Access-Control-Request-Method"
- HeaderAccessControlRequestHeaders = "Access-Control-Request-Headers"
- HeaderAccessControlAllowOrigin = "Access-Control-Allow-Origin"
- HeaderAccessControlAllowMethods = "Access-Control-Allow-Methods"
- HeaderAccessControlAllowHeaders = "Access-Control-Allow-Headers"
- HeaderAccessControlAllowCredentials = "Access-Control-Allow-Credentials"
- HeaderAccessControlExposeHeaders = "Access-Control-Expose-Headers"
- HeaderAccessControlMaxAge = "Access-Control-Max-Age"
- // Security
- HeaderStrictTransportSecurity = "Strict-Transport-Security"
- HeaderXContentTypeOptions = "X-Content-Type-Options"
- HeaderXXSSProtection = "X-XSS-Protection"
- HeaderXFrameOptions = "X-Frame-Options"
- HeaderContentSecurityPolicy = "Content-Security-Policy"
- HeaderXCSRFToken = "X-CSRF-Token"
- )
- const (
- Version = "0.1"
- website = "https://zicloud.com"
- // http://patorjk.com/software/taag/#p=display&f=Small%20Slant&t=Echo
- banner = `
- ZiCloud-API %s
- High performance, minimalist API written with Go web framework
- %s
- ____________________________________O/_______
- O\
- `
- )
- var (
- methods = [...]string{
- CONNECT,
- DELETE,
- GET,
- HEAD,
- OPTIONS,
- PATCH,
- POST,
- PROPFIND,
- PUT,
- TRACE,
- }
- )
- // Errors
- var (
- ErrUnsupportedMediaType = NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnsupportedMediaType)
- ErrNotFound = NewHTTPError(http.StatusNotFound)
- ErrUnauthorized = NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized)
- ErrForbidden = NewHTTPError(http.StatusForbidden)
- ErrMethodNotAllowed = NewHTTPError(http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
- ErrStatusRequestEntityTooLarge = NewHTTPError(http.StatusRequestEntityTooLarge)
- ErrValidatorNotRegistered = errors.New("validator not registered")
- ErrRendererNotRegistered = errors.New("renderer not registered")
- ErrInvalidRedirectCode = errors.New("invalid redirect status code")
- ErrCookieNotFound = errors.New("cookie not found")
- )
- // Error handlers
- var (
- NotFoundHandler = func(c Context) error {
- return ErrNotFound
- }
- MethodNotAllowedHandler = func(c Context) error {
- return ErrMethodNotAllowed
- }
- )
- // New creates an instance of Echo.
- func New() (e *Echo) {
- e = &Echo{
- Server: new(http.Server),
- TLSServer: new(http.Server),
- AutoTLSManager: autocert.Manager{
- Prompt: autocert.AcceptTOS,
- },
- Logger: log.New("echo"),
- colorer: color.New(),
- maxParam: new(int),
- }
- e.Server.Handler = e
- e.TLSServer.Handler = e
- e.HTTPErrorHandler = e.DefaultHTTPErrorHandler
- e.Binder = &DefaultBinder{}
- e.Logger.SetLevel(log.ERROR)
- e.stdLogger = stdLog.New(e.Logger.Output(), e.Logger.Prefix()+": ", 0)
- e.pool.New = func() interface{} {
- return e.NewContext(nil, nil)
- }
- e.router = NewRouter(e)
- return
- }
- // NewContext returns a Context instance.
- func (e *Echo) NewContext(r *http.Request, w http.ResponseWriter) Context {
- return &context{
- request: r,
- response: NewResponse(w, e),
- store: make(Map),
- echo: e,
- pvalues: make([]string, *e.maxParam),
- handler: NotFoundHandler,
- }
- }
- // Router returns router.
- func (e *Echo) Router() *Router {
- return e.router
- }
- // DefaultHTTPErrorHandler is the default HTTP error handler. It sends a JSON response
- // with status code.
- func (e *Echo) DefaultHTTPErrorHandler(err error, c Context) {
- var (
- code = http.StatusInternalServerError
- msg interface{}
- )
- if he, ok := err.(*HTTPError); ok {
- code = he.Code
- msg = he.Message
- if he.Internal != nil {
- err = fmt.Errorf("%v, %v", err, he.Internal)
- }
- } else if e.Debug {
- msg = err.Error()
- } else {
- msg = http.StatusText(code)
- }
- if _, ok := msg.(string); ok {
- msg = Map{"message": msg}
- }
- // Send response
- if !c.Response().Committed {
- if c.Request().Method == HEAD { // Issue #608
- err = c.NoContent(code)
- } else {
- err = c.JSON(code, msg)
- }
- if err != nil {
- e.Logger.Error(err)
- }
- }
- }
- // Pre adds middleware to the chain which is run before router.
- func (e *Echo) Pre(middleware ...MiddlewareFunc) {
- e.premiddleware = append(e.premiddleware, middleware...)
- }
- // Use adds middleware to the chain which is run after router.
- func (e *Echo) Use(middleware ...MiddlewareFunc) {
- e.middleware = append(e.middleware, middleware...)
- }
- // CONNECT registers a new CONNECT route for a path with matching handler in the
- // router with optional route-level middleware.
- func (e *Echo) CONNECT(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...MiddlewareFunc) *Route {
- return e.Add(CONNECT, path, h, m...)
- }
- // DELETE registers a new DELETE route for a path with matching handler in the router
- // with optional route-level middleware.
- func (e *Echo) DELETE(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...MiddlewareFunc) *Route {
- return e.Add(DELETE, path, h, m...)
- }
- // GET registers a new GET route for a path with matching handler in the router
- // with optional route-level middleware.
- func (e *Echo) GET(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...MiddlewareFunc) *Route {
- return e.Add(GET, path, h, m...)
- }
- // HEAD registers a new HEAD route for a path with matching handler in the
- // router with optional route-level middleware.
- func (e *Echo) HEAD(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...MiddlewareFunc) *Route {
- return e.Add(HEAD, path, h, m...)
- }
- // OPTIONS registers a new OPTIONS route for a path with matching handler in the
- // router with optional route-level middleware.
- func (e *Echo) OPTIONS(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...MiddlewareFunc) *Route {
- return e.Add(OPTIONS, path, h, m...)
- }
- // PATCH registers a new PATCH route for a path with matching handler in the
- // router with optional route-level middleware.
- func (e *Echo) PATCH(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...MiddlewareFunc) *Route {
- return e.Add(PATCH, path, h, m...)
- }
- // POST registers a new POST route for a path with matching handler in the
- // router with optional route-level middleware.
- func (e *Echo) POST(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...MiddlewareFunc) *Route {
- return e.Add(POST, path, h, m...)
- }
- // PUT registers a new PUT route for a path with matching handler in the
- // router with optional route-level middleware.
- func (e *Echo) PUT(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...MiddlewareFunc) *Route {
- return e.Add(PUT, path, h, m...)
- }
- // TRACE registers a new TRACE route for a path with matching handler in the
- // router with optional route-level middleware.
- func (e *Echo) TRACE(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...MiddlewareFunc) *Route {
- return e.Add(TRACE, path, h, m...)
- }
- // Any registers a new route for all HTTP methods and path with matching handler
- // in the router with optional route-level middleware.
- func (e *Echo) Any(path string, handler HandlerFunc, middleware ...MiddlewareFunc) []*Route {
- routes := make([]*Route, len(methods))
- for i, m := range methods {
- routes[i] = e.Add(m, path, handler, middleware...)
- }
- return routes
- }
- // Match registers a new route for multiple HTTP methods and path with matching
- // handler in the router with optional route-level middleware.
- func (e *Echo) Match(methods []string, path string, handler HandlerFunc, middleware ...MiddlewareFunc) []*Route {
- routes := make([]*Route, len(methods))
- for i, m := range methods {
- routes[i] = e.Add(m, path, handler, middleware...)
- }
- return routes
- }
- // Static registers a new route with path prefix to serve static files from the
- // provided root directory.
- func (e *Echo) Static(prefix, root string) *Route {
- if root == "" {
- root = "." // For security we want to restrict to CWD.
- }
- return static(e, prefix, root)
- }
- func static(i i, prefix, root string) *Route {
- h := func(c Context) error {
- p, err := url.PathUnescape(c.Param("*"))
- if err != nil {
- return err
- }
- name := filepath.Join(root, path.Clean("/"+p)) // "/"+ for security
- return c.File(name)
- }
- i.GET(prefix, h)
- if prefix == "/" {
- return i.GET(prefix+"*", h)
- }
- return i.GET(prefix+"/*", h)
- }
- // File registers a new route with path to serve a static file with optional route-level middleware.
- func (e *Echo) File(path, file string, m ...MiddlewareFunc) *Route {
- return e.GET(path, func(c Context) error {
- return c.File(file)
- }, m...)
- }
- // Add registers a new route for an HTTP method and path with matching handler
- // in the router with optional route-level middleware.
- func (e *Echo) Add(method, path string, handler HandlerFunc, middleware ...MiddlewareFunc) *Route {
- name := handlerName(handler)
- e.router.Add(method, path, func(c Context) error {
- h := handler
- // Chain middleware
- for i := len(middleware) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
- h = middleware[i](h)
- }
- return h(c)
- })
- r := &Route{
- Method: method,
- Path: path,
- Name: name,
- }
- e.router.routes[method+path] = r
- return r
- }
- // Group creates a new router group with prefix and optional group-level middleware.
- func (e *Echo) Group(prefix string, m ...MiddlewareFunc) (g *Group) {
- g = &Group{prefix: prefix, echo: e}
- g.Use(m...)
- return
- }
- // URI generates a URI from handler.
- func (e *Echo) URI(handler HandlerFunc, params ...interface{}) string {
- name := handlerName(handler)
- return e.Reverse(name, params...)
- }
- // URL is an alias for `URI` function.
- func (e *Echo) URL(h HandlerFunc, params ...interface{}) string {
- return e.URI(h, params...)
- }
- // Reverse generates an URL from route name and provided parameters.
- func (e *Echo) Reverse(name string, params ...interface{}) string {
- uri := new(bytes.Buffer)
- ln := len(params)
- n := 0
- for _, r := range e.router.routes {
- if r.Name == name {
- for i, l := 0, len(r.Path); i < l; i++ {
- if r.Path[i] == ':' && n < ln {
- for ; i < l && r.Path[i] != '/'; i++ {
- }
- uri.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v", params[n]))
- n++
- }
- if i < l {
- uri.WriteByte(r.Path[i])
- }
- }
- break
- }
- }
- return uri.String()
- }
- // Routes returns the registered routes.
- func (e *Echo) Routes() []*Route {
- routes := make([]*Route, 0, len(e.router.routes))
- for _, v := range e.router.routes {
- routes = append(routes, v)
- }
- return routes
- }
- // AcquireContext returns an empty `Context` instance from the pool.
- // You must return the context by calling `ReleaseContext()`.
- func (e *Echo) AcquireContext() Context {
- return e.pool.Get().(Context)
- }
- // ReleaseContext returns the `Context` instance back to the pool.
- // You must call it after `AcquireContext()`.
- func (e *Echo) ReleaseContext(c Context) {
- e.pool.Put(c)
- }
- // ServeHTTP implements `http.Handler` interface, which serves HTTP requests.
- func (e *Echo) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
- // Acquire context
- c := e.pool.Get().(*context)
- c.Reset(r, w)
- h := NotFoundHandler
- if e.premiddleware == nil {
- e.router.Find(r.Method, getPath(r), c)
- h = c.Handler()
- for i := len(e.middleware) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
- h = e.middleware[i](h)
- }
- } else {
- h = func(c Context) error {
- e.router.Find(r.Method, getPath(r), c)
- h := c.Handler()
- for i := len(e.middleware) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
- h = e.middleware[i](h)
- }
- return h(c)
- }
- for i := len(e.premiddleware) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
- h = e.premiddleware[i](h)
- }
- }
- // Execute chain
- if err := h(c); err != nil {
- e.HTTPErrorHandler(err, c)
- }
- // Release context
- e.pool.Put(c)
- }
- // Start starts an HTTP server.
- func (e *Echo) Start(address string) error {
- e.Server.Addr = address
- return e.StartServer(e.Server)
- }
- // StartTLS starts an HTTPS server.
- func (e *Echo) StartTLS(address string, certFile, keyFile string) (err error) {
- if certFile == "" || keyFile == "" {
- return errors.New("invalid tls configuration")
- }
- s := e.TLSServer
- s.TLSConfig = new(tls.Config)
- s.TLSConfig.Certificates = make([]tls.Certificate, 1)
- s.TLSConfig.Certificates[0], err = tls.LoadX509KeyPair(certFile, keyFile)
- if err != nil {
- return
- }
- return e.startTLS(address)
- }
- // StartAutoTLS starts an HTTPS server using certificates automatically installed from https://letsencrypt.org.
- func (e *Echo) StartAutoTLS(address string) error {
- if e.Listener == nil {
- go http.ListenAndServe(":http", e.AutoTLSManager.HTTPHandler(nil))
- }
- s := e.TLSServer
- s.TLSConfig = new(tls.Config)
- s.TLSConfig.GetCertificate = e.AutoTLSManager.GetCertificate
- return e.startTLS(address)
- }
- func (e *Echo) startTLS(address string) error {
- s := e.TLSServer
- s.Addr = address
- if !e.DisableHTTP2 {
- s.TLSConfig.NextProtos = append(s.TLSConfig.NextProtos, "h2")
- }
- return e.StartServer(e.TLSServer)
- }
- // StartServer starts a custom http server.
- func (e *Echo) StartServer(s *http.Server) (err error) {
- // Setup
- e.colorer.SetOutput(e.Logger.Output())
- s.ErrorLog = e.stdLogger
- s.Handler = e
- if e.Debug {
- e.Logger.SetLevel(log.DEBUG)
- }
- if !e.HideBanner {
- e.colorer.Printf(banner, e.colorer.Red("v"+Version), e.colorer.Blue(website))
- }
- if s.TLSConfig == nil {
- if e.Listener == nil {
- e.Listener, err = newListener(s.Addr)
- if err != nil {
- return err
- }
- }
- if !e.HidePort {
- e.colorer.Printf("⇨ http server started on %s\n", e.colorer.Green(e.Listener.Addr()))
- }
- return s.Serve(e.Listener)
- }
- if e.TLSListener == nil {
- l, err := newListener(s.Addr)
- if err != nil {
- return err
- }
- e.TLSListener = tls.NewListener(l, s.TLSConfig)
- }
- if !e.HidePort {
- e.colorer.Printf("⇨ https server started on %s\n", e.colorer.Green(e.TLSListener.Addr()))
- }
- return s.Serve(e.TLSListener)
- }
- // Close immediately stops the server.
- // It internally calls `http.Server#Close()`.
- func (e *Echo) Close() error {
- if err := e.TLSServer.Close(); err != nil {
- return err
- }
- return e.Server.Close()
- }
- // Shutdown stops server the gracefully.
- // It internally calls `http.Server#Shutdown()`.
- func (e *Echo) Shutdown(ctx stdContext.Context) error {
- if err := e.TLSServer.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
- return err
- }
- return e.Server.Shutdown(ctx)
- }
- // NewHTTPError creates a new HTTPError instance.
- func NewHTTPError(code int, message ...interface{}) *HTTPError {
- he := &HTTPError{Code: code, Message: http.StatusText(code)}
- if len(message) > 0 {
- he.Message = message[0]
- }
- return he
- }
- // Error makes it compatible with `error` interface.
- func (he *HTTPError) Error() string {
- return fmt.Sprintf("code=%d, message=%v", he.Code, he.Message)
- }
- // WrapHandler wraps `http.Handler` into `echo.HandlerFunc`.
- func WrapHandler(h http.Handler) HandlerFunc {
- return func(c Context) error {
- h.ServeHTTP(c.Response(), c.Request())
- return nil
- }
- }
- // WrapMiddleware wraps `func(http.Handler) http.Handler` into `echo.MiddlewareFunc`
- func WrapMiddleware(m func(http.Handler) http.Handler) MiddlewareFunc {
- return func(next HandlerFunc) HandlerFunc {
- return func(c Context) (err error) {
- m(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
- c.SetRequest(r)
- err = next(c)
- })).ServeHTTP(c.Response(), c.Request())
- return
- }
- }
- }
- func getPath(r *http.Request) string {
- path := r.URL.RawPath
- if path == "" {
- path = r.URL.Path
- }
- return path
- }
- func handlerName(h HandlerFunc) string {
- t := reflect.ValueOf(h).Type()
- if t.Kind() == reflect.Func {
- return runtime.FuncForPC(reflect.ValueOf(h).Pointer()).Name()
- }
- return t.String()
- }
- // // PathUnescape is wraps `url.PathUnescape`
- // func PathUnescape(s string) (string, error) {
- // return url.PathUnescape(s)
- // }
- // tcpKeepAliveListener sets TCP keep-alive timeouts on accepted
- // connections. It's used by ListenAndServe and ListenAndServeTLS so
- // dead TCP connections (e.g. closing laptop mid-download) eventually
- // go away.
- type tcpKeepAliveListener struct {
- *net.TCPListener
- }
- func (ln tcpKeepAliveListener) Accept() (c net.Conn, err error) {
- tc, err := ln.AcceptTCP()
- if err != nil {
- return
- }
- tc.SetKeepAlive(true)
- tc.SetKeepAlivePeriod(3 * time.Minute)
- return tc, nil
- }
- func newListener(address string) (*tcpKeepAliveListener, error) {
- l, err := net.Listen("tcp", address)
- if err != nil {
- return nil, err
- }
- return &tcpKeepAliveListener{l.(*net.TCPListener)}, nil
- }
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